Acrylic Fiber Fabric

Acrylic Fiber Fabric  

——From Synthetic Wool to Functional Fibers: A Scientific and Market Perspective  

 1. Fundamental Definition  

Acrylic fiber (polyacrylonitrile fiber, PAN) is a synthetic fiber primarily composed of acrylonitrile monomer (CH₂=CH-CN, ≥85%). Its cyanide group (-C≡N) molecular structure grants it wool-like properties, with global annual production reaching ~3 million tons (15% of synthetic fiber market).

 2. Core Performance Parameters  

 3. Key Production Technologies  

(1) Polymerization Process  

- Solution polymerization: DMF/DMSO solvent, >95% conversion rate  

- Suspension polymerization: Cost-effective but broader molecular weight distribution  

(2) Spinning Methods  

 4. Advantages Analysis  

(1) Biomimetic Properties  

- Thermal resistance: 0.051W/(m·K) (close to wool)  

- Crimp: 3D helical crimp improves loftiness by 30%  

(2) Durability  

- Mold/microbe resistance: Grade 0 (GB/T 24346-2009)  

- UV protection: UPF >50+ (ASTM D6544)   

(3) Processing Benefits  

- Dyeability: Colors at 100°C (wool requires boiling)  

- Shape memory: Permanent form retention after heat-setting  

 5. Limitations  

(1) Comfort Issues  

- Static buildup: Resistivity 10¹²Ω·cm (requires anti-static treatment)  

- Moisture management: Wicking height <5cm (Cotton: 12cm)  

(2) Environmental Challenges  

- Toxic monomer: Acrylonitrile (IARC Group 2 carcinogen)  

- Slow degradation: >80 years for natural decomposition  

(3) Usage Constraints  

- Heat sensitivity: Softening point 190-240°C (avoid ironing)  

- Synthetic feel: Glossy appearance in standard products  

 6. Modification Breakthroughs  

(1) Functional Enhancements  

- Anti-pilling: Reduced polymerization degree (DP <800)  

- Flame-retardant: Vinyl chloride comonomer (LOI >28%)  

- Microfiber: <0.8dtex cashmere-like texture  

(2) Eco-Upgrades  

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 7. Application Guidelines  

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 8. Market Data Reference  

- Cost Comparison:  

  - Acrylic yarn: ¥25-35/kg  

  - Australian wool: ¥80-120/kg  

- Product Lifespan:  

  - Home textiles: 5-8 years (Wool: 3-5 years)  

 9. Future Trends  

- Biosynthesis:  

  Glucose-fermented acrylonitrile (Cargill technology)  

- Smart Response:  

  20% fiber diameter expansion at RH>65% (humidity regulation)  

- Nanocomposites:  

  Graphene coating for electrothermal heating (winter apparel)